On August 22nd, Chile joins the global celebration of World Folklore Day, a date dedicated to honoring artistic and indigenous expressions that reflect the traditions, customs, and cultural traits of various regions both within the country and around the world.
This occasion offers an opportunity to highlight the richness of Chilean folklore, which is manifested through its music, dances, celebrations, and crafts—each an essential part of the nation’s cultural heritage and identity.
Folklore plays a crucial role in building a sense of belonging and rootedness in every nation. In Chile, its significance is evident in the preservation and dissemination of traditions that have been passed down through generations.
From the cueca, the national dance, to the legends and myths that form part of the popular narrative, Chilean folklore represents a cultural legacy that remains alive thanks to the efforts of scholars, researchers, and promoters dedicated to its preservation.
The term “folklore” dates back to 1846, when British archaeologist William John Thoms first used it in a weekly column titled “Folk-Lore” in the magazine The Athenaeum.
This word, combining “folk” (people) and “lore” (knowledge), describes the knowledge of the people and encompasses all manifestations that represent the unique and distinctive identity of a culture.
On August 22nd, both Chile and the world pay tribute not only to traditions and customs but also to those who have dedicated their lives to studying and promoting folklore, ensuring that these valuable cultural expressions endure and continue to enrich national identities.
Cueca as the National Dance
Declared the national dance in 1979, the cueca represents the courtship between a rooster and a hen. Each region of Chile has its own version, adapted to local customs and traditions.
Chilean Huasos
Huasos, icons of rural folklore, are traditional cowboys from central Chile. Their attire, including wide-brimmed hats, short jackets, and ponchos, symbolizes national identity.
La Tirana Festival
Held in the town of La Tirana in northern Chile, this festival blends indigenous and Christian traditions and is one of the country’s most significant folkloric events. It features dances like the Diablada, where participants wear colorful costumes and masks.
El Roto Chileno
The “roto” is an emblematic figure of Chilean folklore representing the humble and hardworking man. Although historically used in a derogatory sense, it has evolved into a symbol of resistance and pride.
La Paya
Similar to modern rap battles, paya is a verbal duel of improvised rhymes in octosyllabic verses. It is a popular tradition at rural festivals and showcases the wit and mental agility of the payadores.
Southern Myths and Legends
The Chiloé region is rich in myths and legends that are part of Chilean folklore. Among the most famous are the Trauco, a mythical being that seduces women, and the Caleuche, a ghost ship that sails the archipelago’s waters.
Wool Hat (Chupalla)
Although traditionally a straw hat worn by huasos, in southern Chile, wool versions are made, especially in colder regions like Chiloé. This hat is a symbol of identity and resilience against the weather.
Chilean Cuisine as Folklore
Traditional dishes like empanadas, pastel de choclo, and curanto (cooked in a hole with hot stones) are essential to Chilean folklore. Each region has its own specialties that have been passed down through generations.
Mapuche Folklore
The Mapuche people have preserved their traditions, which include music with instruments like the trutruca and the kultrún, and rituals such as the Machitún, a healing ceremony. Their folklore is an integral part of Chile’s cultural identity.
